The growing demand for energy, alongside the global shift toward low-carbon solutions, has increased research interest in unconventional petroleum systems, particularly the geochemical characteristics and reservoir behavior of organic-rich source rocks. The Maastrichtian Jordan source rocks (JSR) serve as a natural immature analog to carbonate-dominated, Type IIS source rocks. These rocks, with high total organic carbon (TOC) contents (2–25 wt.%) and exceptional organic matter preservation, provide a unique opportunity to study kerogen transformation and thermal maturity evolution, with implications for both petroleum generation and subsurface gas storage applications. To facilitate this investigation, a dedicated shallow research well was drilled in central Jordan, recovering a 72-meter stratigraphic profile, including a 48-meter continuous core interval, enabling high-resolution geochemical and petrophysical analyses. Detailed organic and inorganic geochemical analyses identified three distinct depositional cycles in the JSR, driven by climate-induced variations in primary productivity, redox conditions, and detrital input. Artificial maturation experiments demonstrate that hydrocarbon potential in source rock is strongly controlled by lithological variability, with silica-rich intervals showing earlier hydrocarbon expulsion at lower thermal maturities compared to carbonate-dominated facies. Wettability assessments indicate that CO₂ contact angles are primarily governed by organic content, while mineralogical effects dominate in post-mature, silica-rich lithologies, yielding more favorable CO₂-wet conditions for secure sequestration. Gas adsorption analyses further reveal that both mineral composition and organic matter content can influence the adsorption capacities of hydrogen (H₂), methane (CH₄), and carbon dioxide (CO₂), highlighting the intricate interplay between geochemical composition, pore architecture, and thermal maturity in governing gas storage potential in carbonate-rich source rocks. Overall, this research enhances our understanding of carbonate-dominated, organic-rich source rocks by linking compositional variability to hydrocarbon generation and gas storage behavior. The results inform unconventional resource prediction, improve models of thermal maturity evolution, and provide a framework for evaluating lithofacies suitability for CO₂ storage and the influence of rock composition on gas adsorption in low-carbon energy systems.