Abstract

Global energy demand has been increasing for the last several decades, with fossil fuels such as oil, gas, and coal being the primary sources of energy. Oil, in particular, holds the largest share of the energy supply. This surge in energy consumption is directly linked to the rising CO2 concentrations in the atmosphere, contributing significantly to global warming. To address this challenge, CO2 sequestration in geological formations and the adoption of renewable energy sources have emerged as critical strategies to manage atmospheric CO2 levels while satisfying energy needs.

This dissertation investigates the crucial role of reservoir heterogeneity in enhancing oil recovery, CO2 sequestration in saline aquifers, and geothermal energy extraction. By employing streamline-based quantification techniques, the study provides methods for subsurface reservoir heterogeneity quantification and its impact on these energy applications. Through comprehensive modeling and simulation, the research highlights how heterogeneity influences the efficiency of oil recovery processes, the effectiveness of CO2 storage, and the thermal output of geothermal systems.

The findings emphasize that accurate quantification and characterization of reservoir heterogeneity are essential for optimizing performance in these domains. Reservoirs with favorable heterogeneity profiles can significantly enhance oil recovery, improve or restrict CO2 trapping mechanisms depending on well completion method, and increase geothermal energy output. This underscores the need for advanced reservoir characterization methods to maximize the benefits of the sub-surface formations, ultimately contributing to global energy sustainability and environmental protection.